PEERING back 2,000 years to the age of Jesus isn't exactly easy – but rare objects from those times solve the mystery of what his life might've been like.
Archaeologists have uncovered several mind-boggling artefacts from two millennia ago, including a stone linked to Jesus' crucifixion, and even a shockingly preserved ship from the Sea of Galilee.
The Pilate Stone
Pontius Pilate is an iconic part of Jesus' story.
He served under Emperor Tiberius as the fifth govern of the then-Roman province of Judaea between AD 26 to 36.
But he's far better known as the man who presided over Jesus' trial – the one that resulted in the crucifixion.
A major piece of evidence for him is the Pilate stone, which is a block of carved limestone found at Caesarea Maritima, an archaeological site in .
It's damaged but has a partly-preserved inscription attributed to Pilate.
The only text legible – originally written in Latin – reads: “To the Divine Augusti [this] Tiberieum…Pontius Pilate…prefect of Judea…has dedicated [this]”.
The area was the capital of Judaea when Pilate was a governer, so it's great evidence for his time there – even if it doesn't reference crucifixion itself.
Pool of Siloam
Pool of Siloam – ancient Jerusalem pool (from Gospel of John) where Jesus healed blind man
The Pool of Siloam is a series of rock-cut pools that can be found southeast of the walls of the Old City of Jeruasalem.
The pools, which were fed by Gihon Spring, were a major part of the story of Jesus, specifically in the Gospel of John.
Jesus is said to have healed a man who was blind from birth by sending him to the pool.
And it was also a gathering place for Jewish pilgrims in ancient times.
Sadly the pool was destroyed and covered in the First Jewish-Roman War in the year 70.
But they were formally rediscovered during sewer excavations in 2004.
The discovery was confirmed in 2005, and late excavations in 2023 revealed more areas of the pool.
Sea of Galilee Boat
This boat, which is also known as the Ancient Galilee Boat and even the Jesus Boat, was found in Israel back in the mid-1980s.
It's an ancient fishing boat that dates to the 1st century AD, and measures 23 long.
And it's remarkably well-preserved given that it dates back to the time of Jesus.
The bad news is that there's no direct link between the boat and Jesus himself.
This is the sort of boat that Jesus and his disciples would've used at the time, which makes it important to Christians – but ultimately there's no evidence at all that they interacted with this specific vessel.
However, it's a great example of a relic that gives us a window into what life might have been like in Jesus' time.
Capernaum synagogue
A key Biblical location is the Capernaum synagogue.
Jesus is said to have spent time in the synagogue, as well as healing a posessed man there.
The story is mentioned in the gospels of Mark and Luke, and several other references to the location are featured throughout the Bible.
The village of Capernaum – which is on the Sea of Galilee's northern shore – would've had a population of around 1,500 at Jesus' time, but was abandoned in the 11th century.
And it has been excavated on-and-off since 1838, including the discovery of two ancient synagogues, one built over the other.
The foundations belonging to the earlier synagogue may be the ones mentioned in the Gospels, making it an iconic part of Jesus' story.
Caiaphas ossuary
The Caiaphas ossuary is a rare relic that was found in a burial cave in Jerusalem in the early nineties.
An ossuary is a type of chest used for storing the bones of dead humans – usually after they've spent time in a temporary grave.
One decorated ossuary from the haul was inscribed with “Joseph, son of Caiaphas”, and held the bones of a man, aged around 60.
Joseph ben Caiaphas was the High Priest of Israel in the first century.
And in the New Testament Gospels, he's named as a key rival to Jesus, organising the plot to kill him – and even presiding over his trial.
The box has proved controversial over the years, with scholars debating its authenticity. Later research suggests the ossuary is legitimate, but even if it isn't, it's still a glimpse into the way people were buried in the time of Jesus.
