Your dentist has probably nagged you a million times to floss. But have they ever told you it could save your life?
Keeping your mouth healthy reduces the risk of gum disease and tooth decay, and studies have shown these issues are linked to , , and .
Now, scientists are starting to understand why – by looking at the oral microbiome.
It’s the second most diverse community of microbes in the body, after your gut, with more than 700 species of .
A balanced microbiome is the result of good oral hygiene.
“Imbalances between the good and bad bacteria can lead to oral issues, such as cavities or gum disease, and may contribute to conditions such as heart disease or diabetes,”; says Dr Sonia Rajput, general and cosmetic dentist at The Smile Clinic.
A new test called Oralis 1 claims to be able to predict your risk of illness, by taking a sample of your saliva.
At £350, it’s not cheap, though, so we asked the experts how you can improve your oral microbiome for less.
Oral health
Your oral microbiome is affected by everything it comes into contact with.
“That includes eating, drinking, and even kissing,”; says Dr Smita Mehra, principal dentist at The Neem Tree Dental Practices.
Medications, age and can have an impact, too, either directly or by changing saliva production.
“Saliva is important in providing optimal conditions for the oral microbiome,”; says Dr Safa Al-Naher, dentist and founder of Serene Dental in Knightsbridge, London.
“It balances the pH, provides enzymes and has antimicrobials for fighting disease.”;
“When it comes to mouthwash, use it for conditions like ulcers or gum disease.
“But I wouldn’t really use it unless your dentist has said you need to,”; says Dr Al-Naher.
“A lot of mouthwashes have high levels, which can disrupt the balance of bacteria in your mouth.”;
What’s The Damage?
A healthy oral microbiome is the body’s first line of defence against infection.
“It creates a barrier that lowers the risk of disease-causing organisms from entering the digestive system and bloodstream,”; says Dr Mehra.
“So, when the microbiome is out of balance, there’s a greater risk of infectious diseases.”;
Think colds, flu, even .
For years, the theory has been that inflammation is the driving force between oral health and serious conditions like stroke and dementia.
In January, Japanese researchers found higher levels of the bacteria streptococcus anginosus — commonly found in the mouth and gut — among stroke victims, highlighting the “importance of preventing tooth decay”;.
Around the same time, the University of declared flossing “easy and affordable”;, after finding people who .
“If oral hygiene becomes poorly taken care of, harmful bacteria can invade the tissue in the mouth and trigger inflammatory chemicals to be released in the body,”; explains Dr Mehra.
Some common bacteria (P gingivalis and F nucleatum) have been linked to cancer, and while most of us have them in our mouth, under circumstances such as poor oral hygiene, they may become harmful.
The warning signs
Your dentist will help you spot gum disease, cavities, excessive tartar and plaque in the mouth.
You might also notice a dry mouth, infections, mouth sores, a metallic taste, tooth sensitivity and pain.
“You may find that you experience issues such as bad breath, increased mouth ulcers and other soft tissue infections,”; adds Dr Mehra.
On the flip side, Dr Rajput says: “If you have a healthy microbiome, you will have pink, firm gums, clean and fresh breath.”;
Non-negotiables for a healthy oral microbiome
Show your mouth plenty of love with these simple lifestyle tricks.
Stay on top of check-ups “The most significant thing that people can do is to attend regular ,”; says Dr Al-Naher.
Every six months is recommended.
Brush and floss Brush your teeth for two minutes twice a day, and (before brushing) to remove food particles and plaque between teeth.
Limit stress Chronic stress can cause problems such as dry mouth and inflammation, which can negatively affect your oral microbiome.
“Take proactive steps to manage any stress problems by trying mindfulness, yoga or regular exercise,”; recommends Dr Mehra.
Stop smoking Tobacco does nothing for your teeth or mouth health.
It is the cause of around 17% of mouth cancers in the UK, according to Cancer Research.
“ also decreases production, which is essential for washing away bacteria and healing damaged tissues in the mouth,”; says Dr Mehra.
Watch your diet “Diets rich in fibre, fruit and vegetables help promote the growth of healthy bacteria and encourage saliva production,”; explains Dr Mehra.
High-sugar foods do the opposite.
“Drink plenty of water to help wash away food particles and keep saliva production optimal,”; says Dr Rajput.
Check your meds can kill beneficial bugs while wiping out the bad in both your gut and mouth.
“Medications, such as antidepressants and antihistamines, can cause a dry mouth, which can exacerbate microbial imbalances,”; says Dr Mehra.
Ask your dentist for advice.
Your healthy mouth kit
Spotlight Oral Care Sonic Electric Toothbrush, £110, Boots
Regenerate Enamel Science Advanced Toothpaste, £10.50
Humble Corn Starch Floss Picks Mint, £3.99, Holland & Barrett
- Stockists: Boots (Boots.com), Dr Heff’s (Drheffs.com), Holland & Barrett (Hollandandbarrett.com), Regenerate Enamel Science (Regeneratenr5.co.uk), THS Labs (Thslabs.co.uk)
