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Rats, sewage leaks and cockroach infestation – NHS staff reveal the true crisis in crumbling hospitals

Published on April 03, 2025 at 11:01 PM

RATS, cockroaches, and silverfish are running rampant at NHS hospitals and buildings, according to a large staff survey.

A poll of almost 9,000 workers for the Unison union suggests may be thriving in damp conditions and unfixed buildings.

A young student nurse looking concerned while leaning on a desk.
Rats are among a number of pests running rampant in NHS hospitals, according to a large staff survey
A young student nurse looking concerned while leaning on a desk.
NHS staff also reported feeling unsafe in the buildings they worked in, with sewage leaks and crumbling ceilings

Staff also reported sewage leaks, defective lighting, broken toilets and crumbling ceilings.

Of those that took part in the poll, around one in six said they'd spotted vermin such as inside their building in the past 12 months.

One in six also revealed they'd seen other infestations such as , and .

Silverfish are metallic, silvery bugs that thrive in damp conditions while cockroaches can carry diseases and illnesses such as gastroenteritis, , typhoid and .

Rats carry several diseases such as (Weil's disease), which is spread in their urine.

But pests weren't the only thing to worry about, as 17 per cent of staff said they didn't think the building they worked in was safe.

More than half (52 per cent) reported seeing buckets catching leaking water in their workplace buildings in the past year while almost a quarter (23 per cent) witnessed sewage leaks.

And 28 per cent said public toilets in their hospitals have been out of order for extended periods while 30 per cent reported broken staff toilets.

Out of order lifts, defective lighting, and ceilings falling apart were among other top complaints.

Helga Pile, Unison head of health, said: “This survey paints a worrying picture of an NHS system that's falling apart at the seams and in need of a serious overhaul.

“No-one should be dodging rats, stepping over sewage or watching out for falling ceiling tiles in NHS buildings.

“The last thing patients or staff want is vermin, cockroaches and other unpleasant things roaming the wards. Disease-carrying pests can put people's health at risk.”

One member of staff working in the north-west of told how rodent bait boxes were dotted all over his hospital and a leaking waste pipe had resulted in a foul odour.

However, rats were still getting into a room storing sterile instruments and supplies, he said.

Another hospital staff member from said ceilings had collapsed and water buckets collecting leaking rainwater were a constant trip hazard.

Another worker in charge of cleaning and handling medical equipment in the east of England told Unison he had seen mouse droppings on the floor and desks in reception, in staff break rooms and in the sterile instrument storage room.

No-one should be dodging rats, stepping over sewage or watching out for falling ceiling tiles in NHS buildings

Helga PileUnison head of health

Ms Pile said: “Previous governments made wildly exaggerated claims about building new hospitals and raided pots of cash earmarked to improve the NHS estate.

“The NHS should be fit for the 21st century, not a crumbling Dickensian relic.”

Ms Pile said fixing the damage done by years of neglect isn't going to be a five-minute job.

She continued: “Money needs to be made available immediately to sort out the worst of the problems.

“Longer-term investment plans must be sped up and maintenance budgets spared the axe.

“If are cancelled and wards closed because of pests and sewage leaks, delays and waiting times will only get worse.”

Macro photograph of a silverfish.
Silverfish are metallic, silvery bugs that thrive in damp conditions

The Department of Health has been contacted for comment.

Interim chief executive of NHS Providers Saffron Cordery said: “Safety of patients and staff is the top priority, but this is being put at risk every day from crumbling buildings, pest infestations and sewage leaks.

“It's alarming that NHS trusts have to spend lots of money on on top of a rocketing, near-£14 billion backlog of essential repairs to buildings and equipment which are in a very bad way.

“Vital parts of the NHS are falling to bits after years of underinvestment nationally.

“Hospitals as well as , community and ambulance services are doing everything they can to improve productivity and deliver more high-quality care, but to do this they need safe, modern, efficient and reliable facilities.

“The condition of the NHS estate is holding them back from doing this as quickly as possible.”

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